What is Sinusitis?
Sinusitis, commonly referred to as a sinus infection, is an inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. The sinuses are air-filled cavities located behind the forehead, cheeks, and eyes. When these cavities become blocked and filled with fluid, they can become a breeding ground for bacteria, viruses, and fungi, leading to infection and inflammation.
Classification of Sinusitis
Sinusitis is classified based on the duration of symptoms:
- Acute Sinusitis: Typically lasts less than four weeks and is often caused by a bacterial infection following a viral upper respiratory infection.
- Subacute Sinusitis: Lasts between four to twelve weeks and may persist longer than acute sinusitis but less than chronic sinusitis.
- Chronic Sinusitis: Lasts for twelve weeks or longer and may be caused by an infection, growths in the sinuses (nasal polyps), or a deviated septum.
- Recurrent Sinusitis: Occurs several times a year.
Symptoms of Sinusitis
The symptoms of sinusitis can vary depending on the type and severity of the infection. Common symptoms include:
- Facial pain or pressure
- Nasal congestion
- Thick yellow or green mucus discharge from the nose
- Loss of smell or taste
- Headache
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Bad breath
E.N.T. Treatment for Sinusitis
Ear, Nose, and Throat (E.N.T.) specialists, also known as otolaryngologists, are medical professionals specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis. Treatment options for sinusitis may include:
- Nasal Decongestants: Over-the-counter or prescription nasal decongestants can help relieve nasal congestion and swelling.
- Saline Nasal Irrigation: Rinsing the nasal passages with a saline solution helps clear mucus and debris.
- Nasal Corticosteroids: Prescription medications that reduce inflammation in the nasal passages.
- Antibiotics: Prescribed if the sinusitis is caused by a bacterial infection.
- Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate facial pain and headaches.
- Sinus Surgery: May be necessary for chronic or recurrent sinusitis that does not respond to other treatments.
- Allergy Management: Testing and management may be recommended for sinusitis triggered by allergies.
It’s essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. Sinusitis left untreated can lead to complications, so early intervention is crucial.